Flood risk management strategies and governance arrangements change over time. Knowledge of which factors lead to stability and which factors promote change is essential to be able to promote change and to promote change in the desired direction. Through literature review and analysis of stability and change in the six countries in the past decades, we found the main factors that can explain stability and change. They are related to: i) physical circumstances; ii) physical and social infrastructure; iii) structural factors; iv) agency and v) shock events (STAR-FLOOD Deliverable 4.1, see §8.2.1). In practice, changes can often only be explained by a set of interrelated factors. Some of these factors can be steered by stakeholders involved in flood risk management (each with their own circle of influence), others cannot. The table below presents factors that promote change and factors that promote stability in flood risk governance.
Table 3.2: Factors promoting stability and change
| Promoting Stability | Promoting Change | |
| Difficult / Cannot be influenced |
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| Can be influenced |
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